LaBr3
Lanthanum Bromide, or LaBr3(Ce), is one of the new generation of inorganic scintillation gamma-ray detectors. Lanthanum Bromide scintillation material has been the reference for excellent energy resolution combined with fast emission and good linearity. Its comprehensive performance beyond the traditional high output with platinum nai scintillation crystals, is one of the best so far found flashing performance crystal, can be widely used in nuclear medicine imaging, geological exploration, oil well logging, space physics and nuclear radiation detection field.
LaBr3:Ce is a promising scintillator for gamma-ray spectroscopy.
LaBr3 introduces an enhanced set of capabilities to a range of gamma spectroscopy radioisotope detection and identification systems used in the homeland security market. Important requirements for the scintillation crystals used in these applications include high light output, high stopping efficiency, fast response, low cost, good linearity, and minimal afterglow. LaBr3 has attractive scintillation properties such as very high light output (~60,000 photons/MeV), and fast principle decay constant (30 ns). Based on these properties, LaBr3:Ce is a promising scintillator for γ-ray spectroscopy
Parameter
| Materials | LaBr3 |
| Coordination geometry | Tricapped trigonal prismatic |
| Crystal structure | hexagonal |
| Space group | P63/m, No. 176 |
| Appearance | white solid, hygroscopic |
| Density (g/cm3) | 5.2 |
| Melting point (℃) | 1116 |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 3 |
| Molar mass | 378.62 g/mol |
| Melting point | 783 °C (1,441 °F; 1,056 K) |
| Boiling point | 1,577 °C (2,871 °F; 1,850 K |
| Solubility in water | Very soluble |
| Decay time (ns) | 25 |
| Light yield (photons/keV) | 63 |
| Radiation length (cm) | 1.881 |
| Attenuation(mm)@511keV | 22 |
| Emission peak wavelength(nm) | 370 |
| Refractive index @ emission max | ~1.9 |
| Reflection loss/surface (%) | 6.8 |
| Radiation Length(g·cm-2) | 9.95 |
| Moliere Radius(cm) | 2.816 |
| Energy resolution(%)@662keV | 2.9 |
 |  |
| LaBr3 Emission Spectra | LaBr3 attenuation with coherent scattering |
Feature
Application
Literature
Feature
- Fast decay times – 25nsec
- High light outputs – 63,000 Photons/MeV
- The capability to achieve excellent Energy Resolution(e.g. c.2.6%@662keV, 2” Dia./2” Long)
- Optical outputs with good linearity with temperature
- The capacity to deal with high count rates
- Excellent radiation hardness
Application
- Security – cargo inspection
- Medical – SPECT
- Industrial – Well logging
- Nuclear and high energy physics – specialist applications
- Oil & Gas Exploration – well logging
- Industrial – Coal/mineral assay
Literature
| [1] JMOA , JHNA , AHZ , et al. Active Interrogation of Nuclear Materials Using LaBr 3 : Ce Detectors[J]. Energy Procedia, 2013, 34(40):50-56. |
| [2] Papa A , Gerone M D , Dussoni S , et al. Feasibility study of a high-performance LaBr3(Ce) calorimeter for future lepton flavor violation experiments[J]. Nuclear Physics B, 2014, 248-250:115-117. |
| [3] Cinti M N , Pani R , Pellegrini R , et al. Spectrometric performances of high quantum efficiency multi and single anode PMTs coupled to LaBr3(Ce) crystal[J]. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors & Associated Equipment, 2013, 724(oct.1):27-33. |
| [4] H Tsuchiya, Koizumi M , Kitatani F , et al. Performance of large volume LaBr 3 scintillation detector equipped with specially-designed shield for neutron resonance capture analysis[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2019, 932(JUL.11):16-26. |
| [5] Ima B , Np B , Pel B . Performance assessment of a 500mm3 CZT and a 2×2 inch LaBr3(Ce) detectors for the determination of the uranium enrichment using the enrichment-meter method and calibration standards for safeguards applications – ScienceDirect[J]. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 156. |
| [6] Nanosecond lifetime measurements of Iπ=9/2- intrinsic excited states and low-lying B(E1) strengths in 183Re using combined HPGe-LaBr3 coincidence spectroscopy[J]. Radiation Physics & Chemistry, 2017. |
| [7] N, Blasi, A, et al. Position sensitivity in large spectroscopic LaBr3:Ce crystals for Doppler broadening correction[J]. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, 2016. |
| [8] Alzimami K S , Sassi S A , Alfuraih A A , et al. Investigation of the possibility of improving spatial resolution in SPECT with the combination of LaBr3:Ce-based detector and 3D-OSEM reconstruction algorithms[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2011, 633(MAYSUPPL.):S289-S291. |
| [9] Investigation of the potential use of LaBr3:Ce scintillators for scintimammography imaging[J]. Nuclear Inst & Methods in Physics Research A, 2010, 633. |
| [10] Drescher A , Yoho M , Landsberger S , et al. Gamma-gamma coincidence performance of LaBr3:Ce scintillation detectors vs HPGe detectors in high count-rate scenarios[J]. Applied radiation and isotopes: including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine, 2017, 122(Complete):116-120. |
| [11] AYY , BZSA , ALY , et al. Experimental study on fluence rate response of LaBr3 to pulsed X-rays – ScienceDirect[J]. Radiation Measurements, 2018, 114:8-11. |
| [12] Papa A , Schwendimann P . Development of new large calorimeter prototypes based on LaBr_3(Ce) and LYSO crystals coupled to silicon photomultipliers: A direct comparison[J]. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, 2020, 958(Apr.1):162999.1-162999.4. |
| [13] Yamamoto S , Imaizumi M , Shimosegawa E , et al. Development of a compact and high spatial resolution gamma camera system using LaBr3(Ce)[J]. Nuclear Inst & Methods in Physics Research A, 2010, 622(1):261-269. |
| [14] Longfellow B , Bender P C , Belarge J , et al. Commissioning of the LaBr3(Ce) detector array at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2018, 916. |
| [15] D Zhang, Li X , Xiong S , et al. Energy response of GECAM gamma-ray detector based on LaBr 3 :Ce and SiPM array[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2019, 921(MAR.21):8-13. |
| [16] K, Sriwongsa, P, et al. Comparative study of light yield non-proportionality and energy resolution properties of Ce-doped LaBr3 and LuYAP scintillator crystals[J]. Materials Today Proceedings, 2017. |
| [17] Pani R , Pellegrini R , Betti M , et al. Clinical evaluation of pixellated NaI:Tl and continuous LaBr3:Ce, compact scintillation cameras for breast tumors imaging[J]. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, 2007, 571(1-2):475-479. |
| [18] A. Giaz and L. Pellegri and S. Riboldi and F. Camera and N. Blasi and C. Boiano and A. Bracco and S. Brambilla and S. Ceruti and S. Coelli and F.C.L. Crespi and M. Csatlòs and S. Frega and J. Gulyàs and A. Krasznahorkay and S. Lodetti and B. Million and A. Owens and F. Quarati and L. Stuhl and O. Wieland. Characterization of large volume 3.5″×8″ LaBr3:Ce detectors[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2013. |
| [19] Dhibar M , Mazumdar I , Chavan P B , et al. Characterization of a 2 × 2 array of large square bars of LaBr3:Ce detectors with γ-rays up to 22.5 MeV[J]. NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A, 2018. |
| [20] Pilarek B , Salamon B , Kapaa J . Calculation and optimization of LaBr3–MBr (Li–Cs) phase diagrams by CALPHAD method[J]. CALPHAD -PERGAMON PRESS-, 2014. |
| [21] Regan, P. H . Precision measurement of sub-nanosecond lifetimes of excited nuclear states using fast-timing coincidences with LaBr3(Ce) detectors[J]. Radiation Physics & Chemistry, 2015, 116:38-42. |
| [22] Naqvi A A , Al-Matouq F A , Khiari F Z , et al. Prompt gamma tests of LaBr3:Ce and BGO detectors for detection of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen in bulk samples[J]. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, 2012, 684:82-87. |
| [23] Chewpraditkul W , Moszynski M . Scintillation Properties of Lu_3Al_5O_(12),Lu_2SiO_5 and LaBr_3 Crystals Activated with Cerium[C]// 0. |
| [24] Y Uozumi, Y Yamaguchi, M Fujii,等. Responses of PWO, LaBr3:Ce, and LYSO:Ce scintillators to single-electron hits of 5–40 MeV at KU-FEL[J]. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, 2018, 911(DEC.11):138-141. |
| [25] Lugendo I J , Ahn J K , Kumwenda M J , et al. Lifetime measurement of the first excited 5 / 2 + state in 133Cs using NaI(Tl) and LaBr3(Ce) detectors[J]. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2019, 150:141-145. |
| [26] Prieto E , Jabaloyas E , Casanovas R , et al. Set up of a gamma spectrometry mobile unit equipped with LaBr3(Ce) detectors for radioactivity monitoring[J]. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2019:108600. |
| [27] Giaz A , Camera F , Birocchi F , et al. Investigation on gamma-ray position sensitivity at 662 keV in a spectroscopic 3″ x 3″ LaBr3:Ce scintillator[J]. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, 2015, 772(feb.1):103-111. |
| [28] Maghraby A M , Alzimami K S , Alkhorayef M A , et al. Investigation of LaBr3:Ce probe for gamma-ray spectroscopy and dosimetry[J]. Radiation Physics & Chemistry, 2014, 95:137-140. |
| [29] Pani R , Pellegrini R , Cinti M N , et al. LaBr3:Ce crystal: The latest advance for scintillation cameras[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2007, 572(1):268-269. |
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