LiCAF
Lithium calcium hexafluoroaluminate(LiCAF) crystals are widely used as vacuum ultraviolet(VUV) and ultraviolet(UV) laser host media. It has excellent transmission characteristics down to the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region. The transmission edge of LiCAF was measured experimentally to be 112nm. In particular, LiCAF has a transmittance of over 95% at 157nm, which corresponds to the wavelength of an F2 laser. It was also shown that LiCAF becomes virtually non-birefringent around 152nm, thereby making it an attractive optical window material for VUV laser sources LiCAF(LiCaAIF6) are excellent laser materials with high energy storage and high slope efficiency, also ideal working material under conditions of ultra short pulse and ultra high power.
Parameter
| Orientation Tolerance | 5ˊ |
| Parallelism | <10〞 |
| Perpendicularity | 5ˊ |
| Chamfer | 0.1mm@45° |
| Surface Quality | 10/5 or better |
| Wavefront Distortion | λ/8 @632.8 nm |
| Surface Flatness | λ/10 @632.8 nm |
| Clear Aperture | >95% |
| Diameter Tolerance | +0/-0.05mm |
| Length Tolerance | ±0.1mm |
| Coatings | As per requirement |
| Damage Threshold | over 15J/cm2 TEM00, 10ns, 10Hz |
| Dopant Concentration Tolerance | 0.10% |
| Lattice | HexagonaL |
| Space Group | P31C |
| Lattice Constants | a=5.006, c=9.636Å |
| Density (g/cm3) | 2.94 |
| Melting Point | 825°C |
| Thermal Conductivity(W·m-1·K-1) | 5.14(∥a), 4.58(∥c) |
| Thermal Expansion(10-6·K-1) | 3.6(∥a), 22(∥c) |
| Specific Heat(J·g-1·K-1) | 0.935 |
| Fracture Toughness(MPa·m1/2) | 0.18～0.37 |
| Band Gap(eV)@LDA | 8.02(indirect) |
| Young’s Modulus(GPa) | 105.32(∥a), 94.89(∥c) |
| Bulk Modulus(GPa) | 108.01 |
| Dielectric Constant | 1.27 |
| Absorption Edge | 112nm |
| Refractive Index | no=1.3826, ne=1.3826@632,8nm |
| Thermal-optical Coefficient(10-6/°C) | -7.3(no), -4.9(ne) |
| Wavelength(nm) | no | ne |
| 632.8 | 1.3826 | 1.3826 |
| 546.1 | 1.384 | 1.384 |
| 435.8 | 1.3862 | 1.3862 |
| 253.7 | 1.4061 | 1.4073 |
Feature
- Large band gaps and low phonon energies
- Optical transmission and low thermal lensing distortion
- Absorption edge is 112nm
- Small non-linear refractive indices
- Transparency, tolerance to laser-induced damage
Application
- Lase host media
- Lens in VUV photolithography
Literature
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| [2] Yoshikawa A , Yanagida T , Yokota Y , et al. Crystal growth and VUV luminescence properties of Er3+- and Tm3+-doped LiCaAlF6 for detectors[J]. Optical Materials, 2010, 32(9):845-849. |
| [3] Abdulsabirov R Y , Dubinskii M A , Korableva S L , et al. Crystal growth, EPR and site-selective laser spectroscopy of Gd 3+-activated LiCaALF 6 single crystals[J]. Journal of Luminescence, 2001, 94(none):113-117. |
| [4] Kiyoshi Shimamura and Sonia L Baldochi and Izilda M Ranieri and Hiroki Sato and Tomoyo Fujita and Vera L Mazzocchi and Carlos B.R Parente and Carlos O Paiva-Santos and Celso V Santilli and Nobuhiko Sarukura and Tsuguo Fukuda. Crystal growth of Ce-doped and undoped LiCaAlF6 by the Czochralski technique under CF4 atmosphere[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2001. |
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| [8] Fasoli M , Vedda A , Moretti F , et al. Effect of Eu and Pb doping on the dosimetric properties of LiCAF[J]. Radiation Measurements, 2010, 45(3-6):556-558. |
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| [16] Dk A , Gla B , Pr A . Growth of Cr:LiCaAlF 6 and Cr:LiSrAlF 6 by the Czochralski method[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2000, 210( 4):683-693. |
| [17] Sato H , Bensalah A , Yoshikawa A , et al. Improvement in the quality of LiCaAlF 6 single crystal as window material[J]. Optical Materials, 2003, 24(1-2):123-127. |
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| [19] Samtleben T A , Hulliger J . LiCaAlF6 and LiSrAlF6: Tunable solid state laser host materials[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2005, 43(3-5):251-262. |
| [20] Stanciu M , Grattan K . LiCAF crystal-based optical fiber thermometry[J]. Sensors & Actuators A Physical, 2002, 99(3):277-283. |
| [21] Castillo V K , Chang R . Material and laser characterizations of intermediate compositions of Ce:LiSrxCa1-xAlF6[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2001, 225(2-4):445-448. |
| [22] Futami, Kurosawa, Watanabe,等. Neutron detection with LiCaAlF_6 scintillator doped with 3d-transition metal ions. |
| [23] Kozeki T , Suzuki Y , Sakai M . Observation of new excitation channel of cerium ion through highly vacuum ultraviolet transparent LiCAF host crystal[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2001, 229:501-504. |
| [24] Kole M , Chauvin M , Fukazawa Y , et al. PoGOLino: A scintillator-based balloon-borne neutron detector[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2015. |
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| [26] Gvishi R , Gonen E , Kalisky Y . Studies of the spectroscopic behavior of Cr+3:LiCAF pumped by a solid-state dye laser[J]. Optical Materials, 1999, 13(1):129-133. |
| [27] Yokota, Yuui, Yoshikawa,等. Temperature-dependent evaluation of Nd:LiCAF optical properties as potential vacuum ultraviolet laser material. |
| [28] Sato H , Bensalah A , Solovieva N , et al. X-ray damage characterization in BaLiF3,KMgF3 and LiCaAlF6 complex fluorides[J]. Radiation Measurements, 2004, 38(4-6):463-466. |
| [29] BirsenAyaz-Maierhafer，Carl G.Britt，Andrew J.August，HairongQi，Carolyn E.Seifert，Jason P.Hayward，Design optimization for a wearable, gamma-ray and neutron sensitive, detector array with directionality estimation,ScienceDirect，Volume 870, 21 October 2017, Pages 131-139 |
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