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You are here: Home / Fluoride Crystal / Y:BaF2

Y:BaF2

The Yb3+-doped crystals show very short decay time, but they have low LO due to thermal quenching. And 1 at% Y doping suppresses the slow scintillation component in BaF2 crystals by a factor of 6, while the fast component remains unaffected.

Barium fluoride (BaF2) crystal has a fast scintillation light peaked at 195 and 220 nm with a sub-ns decay time. This ultrafast scintillation promises a wide application in an area where extreme fast timing is important, such as future high-energy physics experiments, gigahertz hard X-ray imaging, and time-of-flight positron emission tomography. BaF2 crystal, however, has also a slow scintillation component peaked at 310 nm with a decay time of about 600 ns, which causes pileup. the slow component in BaF2 crystals can be suppressed by yttrium doping. BaF2 provides a fast scintillation component with an ultrafast decay time of less than 0.6 ns and an ultrashort FWHM pulsewidth of less than nanoseconds, providing a solid foundation for an ultrafast scintillator. Its slow scintillation component with 600-ns decay time may be suppressed effectively by Y3+ doping. An imager consisting of bulk BaF2:Y crystals may serve as a total absorption detector concept for gigahertz hard X-ray imaging for the proposed MaRIE project.

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Parameter

Material and Specifications
Orientation Tolerance< 0.5°
Parallelism20〞
Perpendicularity5ˊ
Surface Quality10-5 to MIL-O-13830A
Wavefront Distortion<λ/4@632.8 nm
Surface Flatness<λ/8 @632.8 nm
Clear Aperture>90%
Chamfer<0.1×45°
Diameter Tolerance±0.05 mm
Physical and Chemical Properties
Crystal StructureCubic
Symmetry Classm3m
Lattice Constants6.196
Specific Mass4.89 g/cm3
Melting Point1280°C
Thermal Conductivity /(W·m-1·K-1)@13°C11.72
Specific Heat (J·kg-1·K-1)@27°C410
Thermal Expansion(10-6·K-1@-110…120°C)18.1
Hardness (Mohs)4
Elastic Coefficient (GPa)C11=90.4, C12=40.6, C44=2503
Young’s Modulus (GPa)56.4
Shear Modulus (GPa)25.4
Bulk Modulus (GPa)268.89
Rupture Modulus (MPa)26.2
Dielectric Constant7.33@f=2MHz
Scintillator Characteristics
Emission Peak (nm)220
Refractive Index @wavelength of the emission maximum1.5
Normalized Light Yield4.8
LO (p.e./MeV)258
Total Light Yield (ph/MeV)2000
Rise time (ns)0.2
Decay Time (ns)600
FWHM (ns)1.4
Light Yield in 1st ns (photons/MeV)1200
40keV Att.Length (1/e, mm)0.106
Spectrum

Feature
Application
Literature
Feature
  • Subnanoseconds of fast decay time
  • Provide high scintillation photon yield in the first nanoseconds
  • Short attenuation length for 40-keV X-rays
  • Suppresses the slow scintillation component in BaF2 crystals by a factor of 6, while the fast component remains unaffected.
Application
  • Fast inorganic scintillators
  • Subnanoseconds of decay time for the gigahertz hard X-ray imaging
  • Ultrafast front imager
  • Compact sensor for gigahertz hard X-ray imaging
Literature
[1]  Hu C ,  Zhang L ,  Zhu R Y , et al. Temporal Response of Fast and Ultrafast Inorganic Scintillators[C]// 2018 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2018.

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