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You are here: Home / Fluoride Crystal / Ho:YLF

Ho:YLF is a very attractive laser material, because the lifetime of the upper laser level is much longer ( ~ 14 ms) than in Ho:YAG and the emission cross sections are higher. Additionally the thermal lens in Ho:YLF is much weaker, which helps to generate diffraction limited beams even under intense end-pumping.

The primary advantage of directly pumping the Ho 5I7 is that it does not have to depend on energy transfer, which lends itself to various radiative and non-radiative losses. Up-conversion losses that have deleterious effect in high-energy Q-switched lasers are eliminated. In the near future experiments with different Ho:YLF crystals are planned to reduce the laser threshold and increase the maximum output power.

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Parameter

Material and Specifications
Orientationa-cut
Clear aperture>90%
Face dimensions tolerance+0/-0,1 mm
Length tolerance±0,1 mm
Parallelism error<10 arcsec
Perpendicularity error<10 arcmin
Protective chamfers<0,1 mm at 45˚
Surface quality10-5 S-D
Surface flatness<λ/10@632,8 nm
CoatingsR<0,35%@1900-2100 nm on both faces
LIDT>10 J/cm2@2060 nm, 10 ns
MountUnmounted
Physical and Chemical Properties
Crystal structuretetragonal
Density3.95 g/cm3
Mohs hardness5
Thermal conductivity6 Wm-1K-1
dn/dT-4.6×10-6 (||c) K-1, -6.6×10-6 (||a) K-1
Thermal expansion coefficient10.1×10-6 (||c) K-1, 14.3×10-6 ((||a) K-1
Typical doping level0.5-1%
Optical and Spectral Properties
Absorption peak wavelength1940 nm
Absorption cross-section at peak1.2×10-20 cm2
Absorption bandwidth at peak wavelength~18 nm
Laser wavelength2060 nm
Lifetime of 5I7 energy level10 ms
Emission cross-section1.8×10-20 cm2
Refractive index @1064 nmno=1.448, ne=1.470
Spectrum
Feature
Application
Literature
Feature
  • Long upper laser level lifetime ~ 15 ms
  • Higher emission cross-section
  • Naturally birefringent material
  • Low dn/dT –> weak thermal lensing
  • Highest (to the best of our knowledge) CW output of 21 W for 2-μm Ho:YLF laser
  • Efficient Q-switched operation (up to 37 mJ per pulse)
Application
  • Remote sensing
  • Pollutant Control
  • Military defense
Literature
An efficient continuous-wave and Q-switched single-pass two-stage Ho:YLF MOPA system
Spectral characteristics of 2 mm microchip Tm:YVO 4 and Tm,Ho:YLF lasers
Lasing characteristics of a CW Tm,Ho:YLF double cavity microchip laser
Lasing in diode-pumped Tm:YAP, Tm,Ho:YAP and Tm,Ho:YLF
Laser diode end-pumped passively Q-switched Tm,Ho:YLF laser with Cr:ZnS as a saturable absorber
Intense 3.9 mm emission of Ho 3+ doped YAlO 3 single crystal
 Laser development of rare-earth doped crystals
Ho:SSO solid-state saturable-absorber Q switch for pulsed Ho:YAG laser resonantly pumped by a Tm:YLF laser
High power single-longitudinal-mode Ho:YLF unidirectional ring laser based on a composite structure of acousto-optic device and wave plate
Growth and characterization of 3-in size Tm, Ho-codoped LiYF 4 and LiLuF 4 single crystals by the Czochralski method

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